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1 root
root [ru:t]1 noun∎ to pull up a plant by its roots déraciner une plante;∎ to touch up one's roots (person with dyed hair) refaire ses racines;∎ to get one's roots done se faire refaire les racines∎ to have its roots in sth (of crisis etc) avoir ses origines dans qch;∎ the root of all evil la source de tout les maux;∎ to get at or to the root of the problem aller au fond du problème;∎ poor housing is at the root of much delinquency la mauvaise qualité des logements est souvent à l'origine de la délinquance(f) Mathematics racine f∎ corruption must be eliminated root and branch il faut éradiquer la corruption(cause, problem) fondamental, de base∎ figurative he stood rooted to the spot il est resté cloué sur place;∎ her political convictions are rooted in her upbringing c'est dans son éducation qu'il faut chercher les racines de ses convictions politiques∎ to root for truffles chercher des truffes(of person → origin) racines fpl, origines fpl;∎ he has no real roots il n'a pas de véritables racines;∎ she is in search of her roots elle est à la recherche de ses origines;∎ to get back to one's roots retrouver ses racines;∎ their actual roots are in Virginia en fait ils sont originaires de Virginie►► American root beer = boisson gazeuse à base d'extraits végétaux;Anatomy root canal canal m dentaire;root canal treatment, root canal work traitement m canalaire;American root cellar cave f potagère;Botany root climber plante f grimpante à racines crampons;root crop racine f comestible;Computing root directory racine f, répertoire m principal;Botany root hair poil m radiculaire;Mathematics root mean square moyenne f quadratique;roots music musique f "roots" (influencée par la musique traditionelle);Botany root rot piétin m;root vegetable légume m à racine comestible∎ to root about for sth fouiller pour trouver qch;∎ to root about in a drawer fouiller dans un tiroir(team) encourager, soutenir;∎ to root for a candidate appuyer un candidat;∎ we're all rooting for you nous sommes de votre côté(b) (suppress) supprimer, extirper(search through) fouiller dans -
2 root
I 1. ru:t noun1) (the part of a plant that grows under the ground and draws food and water from the soil: Trees often have deep roots; Carrots and turnips are edible roots.) rot2) (the base of something growing in the body: the roots of one's hair/teeth.) rot3) (cause; origin: Love of money is the root of all evil; We must get at the root of the trouble.) rot, årsak4) ((in plural) family origins: Our roots are in Scotland.) røtter, opprinnelse2. verb(to (make something) grow roots: These plants aren't rooting very well; He rooted the plants in compost.) slå rot, feste seg- root crop
- root out
- take root II ru:t verb1) (to poke about in the ground: The pigs were rooting about for food.) rote i2) (to search by turning things over etc: She rooted about in the cupboard.) roteknoll--------opphav--------oppkomme--------rotIsubst. \/ruːt\/1) (botanikk, anatomi) rot2) rot, kilde, opphav, årsak3) bunn, kjerne4) (i flertall, roots) rotfrukter5) (lingvistikk, teknikk, matematikk) rot6) (austr., newzealandsk, slang, vulgært, om samleie) knull, nummer, nyp7) ( musikk) grunntone8) ( slang) (et) spark bak9) (austr., vulgært) støkke• Emma is nothing but a good root!10) (mekanikk, på tannhjul) fot, tannfotbe shaken to its roots bli rystet i sine grunnvollerblush to the roots of one's hair rødme helt opp til hårrøttenedaisy roots ( rimslang for boots) støvlerhave its roots in bunne ipull up by the roots rive opp med røttene ( overført også) utryddepull up one's roots bryte opp, bryte med det gamleput down the roots ( overført) slå rotroot and branch fullstendig, helt og holdent, totaltstrike at the root of evil ta ondet ved rotenstrike at the root(s) of something eller strike at the foundation of something prøve å undergrave noestrike at the root of the matter gå radikalt til verksstrike\/take root ( botanikk) slå rot, få røtterIIverb \/ruːt\/1) slå rot (også overført), få røtter2) rote rundt etter, grave frem, snuse opp, rote i, endevende3) ( jordbruk) stikke, sette4) ( jordbruk) la feste rot5) ( om dyr) lete etter mat på bakken6) (austr.) sparke bakut7) (austr., newzealandsk, vulgært) knulle• oh, go and get rooted!å, dra til helvete8) (amer., slang.) robbe, plyndrebe rooted (to the ground\/spot) stå som naglet fast (til jorden\/stedet)(go and) get rooted dra til helveteroot for (amer.) heie påroot out rote frem ( også overført) ta\/rykke opp med roten utrydderoot something out utrydde noe grave frem noe, snuse opp noe rive opp med røtteneroot up rive opp med røttene -
3 root
n. rot, upphov; grund--------v. rotfästa; slå rot: dra upp med rötterna; böka, rota; bli etablerad (angående företag etc.); utrota* * *I 1. [ru:t] noun1) (the part of a plant that grows under the ground and draws food and water from the soil: Trees often have deep roots; Carrots and turnips are edible roots.) rot2) (the base of something growing in the body: the roots of one's hair/teeth.) rot3) (cause; origin: Love of money is the root of all evil; We must get at the root of the trouble.) rot4) ((in plural) family origins: Our roots are in Scotland.) rötter2. verb(to (make something) grow roots: These plants aren't rooting very well; He rooted the plants in compost.) [] slå rot- root crop
- root out
- take root II [ru:t] verb1) (to poke about in the ground: The pigs were rooting about for food.) böka, rota2) (to search by turning things over etc: She rooted about in the cupboard.) rota -
4 root
I 1. [ru:t] noun1) (the part of a plant that grows under the ground and draws food and water from the soil: Trees often have deep roots; Carrots and turnips are edible roots.) rót2) (the base of something growing in the body: the roots of one's hair/teeth.) rót3) (cause; origin: Love of money is the root of all evil; We must get at the root of the trouble.) rót, orsök4) ((in plural) family origins: Our roots are in Scotland.) uppruni, rætur2. verb(to (make something) grow roots: These plants aren't rooting very well; He rooted the plants in compost.) (láta) skjóta rótum- root crop
- root out
- take root II [ru:t] verb1) (to poke about in the ground: The pigs were rooting about for food.) róta í2) (to search by turning things over etc: She rooted about in the cupboard.) róta -
5 root
1. n корнеплод2. n корень, отдельное растениеto root away — ликвидировать, уничтожать; вырывать с корнем
3. n основание, кореньalthaea root — алтейный корень, корень алтея аптечного
strike root — пускать корни; укореняться; укорениться
4. n родоначальник, предок, корень; род, давший много ответвленийroot out — вырывать с корнем; выискивать; выискать
5. n причина, источникthe root of the matter — суть дела, сущность вопроса
6. n база, основаroot principle — основной, основополагающий принцип
root cause — основная причина, первопричина
7. n корни, связи; привычное окружение8. n библ. отпрыск, потомок9. n мат. корень; радикал10. n муз. основной тон аккорда11. n тех. вершина12. n тех. хвост13. n ав. комель; корневая частьroot directory — корневой справочник; корневой каталог
root medium — ризосфера, корневая среда
14. v пускать корни; укореняться15. v сажать, высаживать16. v внедрять17. v внедряться18. v преим. разг. корениться19. v приковывать, пригвождать20. v выкорчёвывать21. v рыть землю рылом22. v рыться, искать23. v амер. поощрять, ободрять24. v амер. поддерживать; желать успехаСинонимический ряд:1. foundation (noun) base; basis; bedrock; cause; cornerstone; footing; foundation; fundamental; ground; grounds; groundwork; infrastructure; motive; reason; rudiment; stem; substratum; underpinning2. heart (noun) be-all and end-all; bottom; center; centre; core; essence; essentiality; focus; gist; heart; hub; kernel; marrow; meat; nub; pith; quick; quintessence; quintessential; rock bottom; soul; spirit; stuff; substance; virtuality3. source (noun) derivation; fount; fountain; fountainhead; inception; mother; origin; provenance; provenience; rootage; source; spring; well; wellhead; wellspring; whence4. underground plant growth (noun) bulb; radix; rhizome; rootlet; rootstock; root-stock; taproot; tuber; underground plant growth5. applaud (verb) applaud; boost; cheer; clap; encourage; rise to; support6. dig (verb) dig; discover; expose; reveal; uncover7. fix (verb) connect; embed; entrench; fasten; fix; infix; ingrain; instil; lodge8. poke (verb) poke; pry; rummage; search9. take root (verb) develop; germinate; sprout; take root; thriveАнтонимический ряд:bury; cover; separate; taunt -
6 root
1) корень
2) корениться
3) коренной
4) корень лопатки
5) корешковый
6) корешок
7) корневой
8) причина
9) основание
10) извлекать корень
11) кровельный
– -fold root
– blade root
– complex root
– cube root
– double root
– evaluate the root
– extract a root
– extraction of a root
– extraneous root
– fir-tree root
– imaginary root
– index of root
– isolate the root
– isolating of a root
– multiplicity of a root
– pertaining to root
– primitive root
– principal root
– real root
– repeated root
– root chord
– root defect
– root extractor
– root face
– root gap
– root hopper
– root locus
– root of a blade
– root of a number
– root of a tooth
– root of a tree
– root of an equation
– root of thread
– root of unity
– root pass
– root penetration
– root rake
– root rot
– root run
– root test
– root weld
– simple root
– square root
– straddle-type root
– taking the root
– wing root
– zero root
root gain-bandwidth product — <electr.> коэффициент эффективности усилителя
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7 root
/ru:t/ * danh từ - rễ (cây) =to take root; to strike root+ bén rễ =to pull up by the roots+ nhổ cả rễ ((nghĩa đen) & (nghĩa bóng)) - cây con cả rễ (để đem trồng) - ((thường) số nhiều) các cây có củ (cà rốt, củ cải...) - chăn, gốc =the root of a mountain+ chân núi =the root of a tooth+ chân răng - căn nguyên, gốc rễ, nguồn gốc, căn bản, thực chất =to get at (to) the root of the matter+ nắm được thực chất của vấn đề =the root of all evils+ nguồn gốc của mọi sự xấu xa - (toán học) căn; nghiệm =real root+ nghiệm thực =square (second) root+ căn bậc hai - (ngôn ngữ học) gốc từ - (âm nhạc) nốt cơ bản - (kinh thánh) con cháu !to blush to the roots of one's hair - thẹn đỏ cả mặt; mặt đỏ tía tai !roof and branch - hoàn toàn, triệt để =to destroy root and branch+ phá huỷ hoàn toàn !to lay the axe to the root of - đào tận gốc (cây); phá huỷ đi, trừ tận gốc (cái gì) !to strike at the root of something - (xem) strike * ngoại động từ - làm bén rễ, làm bắt rễ (cây...) - (nghĩa bóng) làm ăn sâu vào, làm cắm chặt vào =terror rooted him to the spot+ sự khiếp sợ làm cho anh ta đứng chôn chân tại chỗ =strength rooted in unity+ sức mạnh xây dựng trên sự đoàn kết - (+ up, out...) nhổ bật rễ; trừ tận gốc, làm tiệt nọc * nội động từ - bén rễ, ăn sâu vào ((nghĩa đen) & (nghĩa bóng)) * động từ+ Cách viết khác: (rout) /raut/ - (như) rootle - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (từ lóng) tích cực ủng hộ, reo hò cổ vũ =to root for a candidate+ tích cực ủng hộ một ứng cử viên =to root for one's team+ (thể dục,thể thao) reo hò cổ vũ đội mình -
8 RÓT
* * *n. insensibility (from a blow); slá e-n í r., to stun, render senseless by a blow; liggja í roti, to lie stunned.* * *f., pl. rætr (rœtr), [a word common to all Teut, languages, cp.also Lat. rādix]:—a root; hvers hann af rót um renn, Hm. 139; rót af grasi, Pr. 471; íllr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48: metaph., vera rót ( cause) undir e-u, Sturl. ii. 72; koma af rótum e-s, id., Fms. ix. 254; rót ok upphaf, Fb. iii. 245; af hverjum rótum þetta hefði risit, 308; af rót vándra manna, Bs. 11. 93.2. the lower part of a tree; rót kerlingar … hann tvíhendi oxina til rótarinnar, Grett. 151: a root of a tree used in witchcraft, of an enchanted thing, engi maðr skal hafa í húsi sinn staf eðr stalla, vit eða blót, eðr rót, eða þat er til heiðins siðar veit, N. G. L. i. 383, 389, cp. Grett. l. c.3. mathem. a root (square, cubic), MS. 544. 154, passim.COMPDS: rótardráttr, rótartré, rótaklumba. -
9 rót
* * *n. insensibility (from a blow); slá e-n í r., to stun, render senseless by a blow; liggja í roti, to lie stunned.* * *1.f. [different from the preceding, perh. akin to hrót, q. v.; Ivar Aasen rot]:—the inner part of the roof of a house, where meat, fish, and stores are hung up; mær nökkur átti erendi at fara í rót upp, þá sá hún liggja á hurðásnum sjau fiska skarpa, Bs. i. 209.2.n. the tossing, pitching, of an unruly sea; kemr ró eptir hvíldarlaust rót, calm after rough weather, Sks. 235; haf-rót, a violent rolling of the sea. -
10 ROT
* * *n. insensibility (from a blow); slá e-n í r., to stun, render senseless by a blow; liggja í roti, to lie stunned.* * *n. a concussion of the brain from a blow, as also the stunning or insensibility from such a blow; falla í rot, Korm. 230; hann réttir við ór rotinu, 62; spyrndi Grettir svá fast við eyrun; á tveimr at þeir lágu í roti, Grett. 127; hann sló sveininn í rot, … í því raknaði sveinninn við, Ísl. ii. 421: also the insensibility of a drunkard, rakna ór roti, liggja í roti, Snót 100. rot-högg, n. a staggering, stunning blow. -
11 rot
1. n гниение2. n гниль; трухаblack rot — чёрная гниль, блекрот
3. n вет. копытная гнильgray mold rot — серая гниль, вызываемая плесенью
4. n разг. вздор, чушь, нелепость5. n провал, неудача6. v гнить; портиться7. v чахнуть, погибать8. v разлагаться9. v гноить; портить10. v расстраивать11. v сл. дразнить; подшучивать; подначивать12. v с. -х. мочить13. int вздор!, чушь!, ерунда!Синонимический ряд:1. decay (noun) breakdown; corruption; decay; decomposition; deterioration; mold; mould; putrefaction; spoilage2. nonsense (noun) balderdash; bilge; blague; blah; blather; blatherskite; bosh; bunkum; bushwa; claptrap; double-talk; drivel; drool; eyewash; fiddle-faddle; fiddlesticks; flapdoodle; flimflam; flummadiddle; foolishness; fudge; gook; guff; hogwash; hokum; hooey; hot air; humbug; jazz; malarkey; nonsense; silliness; trash3. debase (verb) animalize; bastardize; bestialize; brutalize; canker; debase; debauch; demoralize; deprave; pervert; poison; stain; vitiate; warp4. decay (verb) break down; corrupt; crumble; decay; decompose; mold; molder; mould; moulder; putrefy; putresce; spoil; taint; turn5. deteriorate (verb) decline; degenerate; descend; deteriorate; disimprove; disintegrate; retrograde; sink; worsenАнтонимический ряд:flourish; grow; purify; thrive -
12 cube root
(the number of which a given number is the cube: The cube root of 64 is 4.) kúbikrót, teningsrót, þriðja rót -
13 take root
slå rot* * *(to grow firmly; to become established: The plants soon took root.) slå rot -
14 take root
(to grow firmly; to become established: The plants soon took root.) slå rot, feste seg -
15 undir-rót
f. the ‘under-root,’ origin, prime cause of a thing, Grett. 124 A, Sturl. ii. 4, Ó. T. 1, Bs. i. 796, Pass. 16. -
16 λοπάω
A let the bark peel off, of trees which lose their bark on the return of the sap in spring, Thphr.HP3.5.1, 5.1.1, etc.II of fig-trees, rot at the root, Id.CP5.9.9. -
17 ῥίζα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `root', also metaph. `origin, stem, base' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. wiriza \/wriza\/.Compounds: Several compp., a.g. ῥιζο-τόμος m. `root-cutter, -gatherer, herbalist', πολύ-ρριζος `having many roots, rich in roots' (Hp., Thphr.).Derivatives: 1. ῥιζίον n. `little root' (Ar., Thphr.), pl. - έα (Nic., - εῖα Al. 265), prob. after ὀστέα beside (Dor.) ὀστία. 2. ῥιζίας m. ( ὀπός) `root juice' (: καυλίας; Thphr.). 3. adj. ῥίζ-ώδης `rootlike' (Thphr., Hero), - ικός `belonging to roots' (Plu.), - ινος `made of roots' ( PHolm.), - αῖος `serving as a base' (Sardes). 4. adv. ῥίζ-ηθεν (A. R.), - όθεν (Nic., Luc.) `out of the root'; - ηδόν `in a rootlike way' (Hld.). 5. verb ῥιζόομαι ( ἐρρίζωται), - όω (- ῶσαι), also w. ἐν-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o. `to strike root, to root, to provide with roots, to affirm, to consolidate' (Od.; cf. Schwyzer 731, Ure Class Quart. N. S. 5, 226f.) with ῥίζ-ωμα n. `original ground, origin, rootworks' (A., Emp., Thphr.; Porzig Satzinhalte 188f.), - ωσις f. `striking root' (Philol., Thphr. a.o.). -- On ῥίζα and compounds and derivv. extens. Strömberg Theophrastea 5 8 ff.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From Aeol. βρίζα appears PGr. *Ϝρίδ-ι̯α, which differs in vocalism from Lat. rādīx = rād-ī-c-s (with enlarging -c- as e.g. in genetrī-x); in both cases we have a ι̯α-, resp. ī-deriv. of a noun, which is also found in Germ. and Celt.: ONorse rōt f. `root' from PGm. *u̯rōt-, IE *u̯rād-, which may be seen also in Lat. rād-īx (cf. below); beside it, with i-stem and zero grade Goth. waurts, OE wyrt, OHG MHG wurz `herb, root', PGm. *u̯urt-i-, IE *u̯r̥d(-i)-; Celt., e.g. Welsh gwraidd coll. `roots' with ī-suffix but the root vocalism has not been explained. The Germ. and Celt. forms and ῥίζα cannot represent a weak- or reduced grade; in spite of Schwyzer 352 who wants to assume a vowel i representing a reduced grade. (Lat. rādīx, but not ONorse rōt, can represent IE *u̯rHd-, but in other forms there is no laryngeal.) So the foms cannot be explained as yet, and we must reckon with loans. (Vine UCLA Indo-European Studies I 1999, 5-30 does not solve the problem.) -- Toch. B witsako `root' remains to be explained (hypothesis by v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v.). Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 288 Pok. 1167, W.-Hofmann s. rādīx. Cf. ῥάδαμνος, ῥάδιξ. Cf. also NGr. (Rhodos) ῥόζος `root', a cross of ῥίζα and ὄζος `branch' (Hatzidakis Άθ. 29, 180ff.).Page in Frisk: 2,655-656Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίζα
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18 tooth
tu:θ
1. сущ.
1) зуб crown of the tooth ≈ коронка зуба neck of the tooth ≈ шейка зуба to brush, clean one's teeth ≈ чистить зубы to cap a tooth ≈ надевать на зуб коронку to cut one's teeth ≈ делать первые шаги в чем-л., приобретать первый опыт;
"набивать шишки" to drill a tooth ≈ сверлить зуб to extract a tooth ≈ удалять, вытаскивать зуб to fill a tooth ≈ пломбировать зуб to pick one's teeth ≈ ковырять в зубах to set, clench, grind, grit one's teeth ≈ стиснуть зубы teeth ache ≈ зубы болят teeth chatter ≈ зубы стучат teeth decay, rot ≈ зубы гниют teeth erupt ≈ зубы прорезываются teeth fall out ≈ зубы выпадают teeth get discolored ≈ зубы меняют цвет artificial tooth baby tooth back tooth decayed tooth false tooth front tooth loose tooth lower tooth milk tooth permanent tooth upper tooth wisdom tooth
2) тех. зуб, зубец ∙ in the teeth of
2. гл.
1) нарезать зубцы
2) зацеплять(ся) зуб - milk /calf's, primary, first, baby's, deciduous/ teeth молочные зубы - he lost his milk teeth у него выпали молочные зубы - second /permanent/ teeth постоянные зубы - false /artificial, prosthetic/ teeth искусственные зубы - a set of false teeth искусственные зубы, вставная челюсть - natural teeth "свои" зубы - even teeth ровные зубы - anterior /front/ teeth передние зубы - posterior /back/ teeth задние зубы - lower /mandibular/ teeth нижние зубы - upper /maxillary/ teeth верхние зубы - unerupted /impacted/ * непрорезавшийся зуб - hollow * зуб с дуплом - loose * шатающийся зуб - the crown of a * коронка зуба - the root of a * корень зуба - to have one's teeth attended to лечить зубы - to have one's teeth examined показываться зубному врачу - to stop /to fill/ smb.'s teeth пломбировать кому-л. зубы - to extract /to pull out/ smb.'s * удалять кому-л. зуб - to have a * out вырвать зуб( у врача) - to knock smb.'s * out выбить кому-л. зуб - to crown a * поставить коронку на зуб - to set /to clench/ one's teeth стиснуть зубы - to speak through clenched teeth говорить сквозь зубы - to smth. between one's teeth процедить что-л. сквозь зубы - to grit the teeth скрежетать зубами - he has cut a * у него прорезался зуб - he has a fine set of teeth у него прекрасные зубы (специальное) зубец, зуб, зубок - teeth of a saw зубья пилы - teeth of a comb зубья гребенки - teeth of a fork зубцы вил - teeth of a gearwheel зубцы шестерни вкус, любовь( к еде, питью и т. п.) - to have no * for fruit не любить фруктов - to have a sweet * быть сластеной > * and nail изо всех сил, всеми силами, не жалея сил > to fight /to struggle/ * and nail бороться не на жизнь, а на смерть > to go at it * and nail энергично приняться за что-л. > armed to the teeth вооруженный до зубов > long in the * старый > she's a bit long in the * она уже не первой молодости > fed to the teeth сыт по горло;
надоело, осточертело > from the teeth forward(s) /outward(s) /, from one's teeth (устаревшее) неискренне, не от души > in the teeth of smth. несмотря на, вопреки, не считаясь с чем-л.;
перед лицом чего-л. > in the teeth of public opinion наперекор общественному мнению > in the teeth of the wind прямо против ветра > in the teeth of death перед лицом смерти;
лицом к лицу со смертью > in the teeth of starvation под угрозой голода > to cut one's teeth делать первые шаги в чем-л., приобретать первый опыт > to cast one's colt's teeth остепениться > to cast /to throw, to fling/ smth. in smb.'s teeth бросать кому-л. в лицо упрек > to get /to sink/ one's teeth into smth. горячо взяться за что-л. > it's something to get one's teeth into это стоящее дело, за это стоит взяться > to put teeth in /into/ smth. сделать что-л. действенный /эффективным/ > they put teeth in the newspaper при них газета стала зубастой > to lie in smb.'s teeth нагло /бесстыдно/ лгать кому-л.;
лгать (прямо) в глаза кому-л. > to set the teeth on edge бросать в дрожь;
мурашки по коже забегали > to set one's teeth for smth. стиснуть зубы, настроиться решительно на что-л.;
приготовиться к схватке > to kick smb. in the teeth оскорблять кого-л.;
отвергать кого-л., отворачиваться от кого-л.;
плюнуть в лицо кому-л. > to knock smb.'s teeth in дать в зубы кому-л.;
набить кому-л. морду > to escape by /with/ the skin of one's teeth чудом спастись > to draw smb.'s teeth вырвать жало у змеи > to hide one's teeth (устаревшее) прятать коготки > to show /to bare/ one's teeth говорить угрожающе, огрызаться;
показывать когти > if you cannot bite, never show your teeth (пословица) если не можешь кусаться, не показывай зубы нарезать зубцы, зубья зацеплять зацепляться грызть, глодать ~ (pl teeth) зуб;
crown (neck) of the tooth коронка (шейка) зуба;
root of the tooth корень зуба;
false teeth искусственные зубы;
a loose tooth шатающийся зуб ~ (pl teeth) зуб;
crown (neck) of the tooth коронка (шейка) зуба;
root of the tooth корень зуба;
false teeth искусственные зубы;
a loose tooth шатающийся зуб in the teeth of перед лицом (чего-л.) ;
fed to the teeth = сыт по горло;
надоело, осточертело;
long in the tooth старый ~ тех. зуб, зубец;
tooth and nail изо всех сил;
to fight tooth and nail бороться не на жизнь, а на смерть to go at it ~ and nail энергично приняться (за что-л.) ;
to get one's teeth (into smth.) горячо взяться (за что-л.) to go at it ~ and nail энергично приняться (за что-л.) ;
to get one's teeth (into smth.) горячо взяться (за что-л.) he cut a ~ у него прорезался зуб;
to set (или to clench) one's teeth стиснуть зубы to pull a ~ out удалить зуб;
I had my tooth out мне удалили зуб in the teeth of наперекор, вопреки in the teeth of перед лицом (чего-л.) ;
fed to the teeth = сыт по горло;
надоело, осточертело;
long in the tooth старый in the teeth of перед лицом (чего-л.) ;
fed to the teeth = сыт по горло;
надоело, осточертело;
long in the tooth старый ~ (pl teeth) зуб;
crown (neck) of the tooth коронка (шейка) зуба;
root of the tooth корень зуба;
false teeth искусственные зубы;
a loose tooth шатающийся зуб to pull a ~ out удалить зуб;
I had my tooth out мне удалили зуб ~ (pl teeth) зуб;
crown (neck) of the tooth коронка (шейка) зуба;
root of the tooth корень зуба;
false teeth искусственные зубы;
a loose tooth шатающийся зуб he cut a ~ у него прорезался зуб;
to set (или to clench) one's teeth стиснуть зубы tooth зацеплять(ся) ~ тех. зуб, зубец;
tooth and nail изо всех сил;
to fight tooth and nail бороться не на жизнь, а на смерть ~ (pl teeth) зуб;
crown (neck) of the tooth коронка (шейка) зуба;
root of the tooth корень зуба;
false teeth искусственные зубы;
a loose tooth шатающийся зуб ~ нарезать зубцы ~ тех. зуб, зубец;
tooth and nail изо всех сил;
to fight tooth and nail бороться не на жизнь, а на смерть -
19 DRAGA
* * *I)(dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.1) to draw, drag, pull;draga heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;draga árar, to pull the oars;absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;draga boga, to draw the bow;draga segl, to hoist sails (= draga upp segl);draga fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;draga kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;við ramman mun reip at draga, it will be pulling a rope against a strong man, i. e. it will be a difficult task;2) to draw, inhale (draga úþefjan með nösum);draga nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;draga öndina, to breathe, live;3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);draga e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);4) to employ as a measure (draga kvarða við viðmál);5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);6) to delay, put off, defer;vil ek þessi svör ekki láta draga fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli);í þann tíma sem hann dregr klæðaföllin (the folds);8) to trim or line garments (treyjan var dregin útan ok innan við rauða silki);with dat., hjálmr hans var dreginn leiri (overlaid with clay), er áðr var (dreginn) gulli;9) intrans to move, draw;drógu þeir þeim svá nær (came so near to them), at;10) with preps.:draga föt, skóklædi af e-m, to pull off one’s clothes, shoes;draga hring af hendi sér, to take off a ring from one’s hand;dró hann þá grunninu, he pulled them off the shallow;draga e-t af e-u, to draw, derive from a source;draga e-t af, to take off (Þ. hafði látit af draga brúna);draga e-t af við e-n, to keep back, withhold, from one;man héðan af eigi af dregit við oss, henceforth we shall no be neglected, stinted;Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself;draga vél at e-m, to draw wiles around one;draga spott, skaup, at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule;draga at lið, föng, to collect troops, stores;dró at honum sóttin, the illness drew closer to him, he grew worse;impers., dró at mætti hans, dró at um matt hans, his strength declined (fell off);til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew near;þá er dregr at jólum, when Yule drew near;dró at því (the time drew near). at hann væri banvænn;tók þá at draga fast at heyjum hans, his stock of hay was rapidly diminishing;svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd, þorsta, I am so overcome by old age, hunger, thirst;nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, that thou art sinking fast;draga hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand;draga (grun) á e-t, to suspect;draga á vetr, to rear through the winter (Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið);impers., dregr á tunglit, the moon is obscured (= dregr myrkr á tunglit);dimmu þykkir draga á ráðit Odds, it looks as if a cloud was drawing over Odds’ affairs;dregr á gleði biskups, the bishop’s gladness was obscured;draga eptir e-m, to gain on one (Þórarinn sótti ákaft róðrinn ok hans menn, ok drógu skjótt eptir þeim Steinólfi ok Kjallaki);draga eptir e-m um e-t, to approach one, to be nearly equal to one, in a thing;um margar íþróttir (in many accomplishments) dró hann fast eptir Ólafi konungi;draga e-t fram, to produce, bring forward (draga fram athugasamlig dœmi); to further, promote (draga fram hlut e-s);draga fram kaupeyri sinn, to make money;draga fram skip, to launch a ship;impers., dregr frá, (cloud darkness) is drawn off;hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum dró frá, (clouds) drew sometimes over, sometimes off;dregr fyrir sól, tungl, the sun, moon is obscured by clouds or eclipse (tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir);ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar, when showers began to gather;draga e-ð saman, to collect, gather (draga lið, her, skip saman);impers., saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain;saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together;dregr þá saman or dregr saman með þeim, the distance between them grows less;draga e-t í sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil ek eigi draga í sundr sættir yðrar);impers., dregr þá í sundr or dregr í sundr með þeim, the distance between them increases;draga e-n til e-s, to move, prompt, induce;engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, it is not from wantonness that I undertake this journey;slíkt dregr hann til vinsældar, this furthers his popularity;ef hann drógi ekki til, if he was not concerned;draga e-t til dœmis um e-t, to adduce as a proof of;hann hét at draga allt til sætta (to do everything in his power for reconciliation) með þeim Skota konungi;impers., nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out for the worse;with dat., þat samband þeirra, er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will prove fatal to both of them;at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that much mischief would arise from this bargain;dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began all over again;svá er þat, segir R., ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforesceen thing happens;draga e-t undan e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thing (þeir hafa bundizt í því at draga bœndr undan þér);draga e-t undan, to delay (drógu Skotar undan sættina);hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín? why dost thou put off inviting me to come?;draga rót undan (tölu), to extract the root;draga undan e-m, to escape from one (nú lægir seglin þeirra ok draga þeir undan oss);impers., hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape;lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little chance of drawing out of thy reach;draga e-t undir sik, to apropriate or take fraudulently to oneself (hafði dregit undir sik finnskattinn);impers., dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you came in for hard uasge but we escaped;draga upp skip, to drag a ship ashore;draga upp segl, to hoist a sail (sails);draga upp fisk, to pull up fish with a line;impers., þoku dregr upp, fog is coming on;11) refl., dragast.f. only in pl. ‘drögur’,2) metric term, repetition, anadiplosis (when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one).* * *pret. dró, pl. drógu; part. dreginn; pres. dreg: pret. subj. drægi: [Lat. trahere; Ulf. dragan, but only once or twice, = επισωρεύειν in 2 Tim. iv. 3; Hel. dragan = portare, ferre (freq.); A. S. dragan; Germ. tragen; the Engl. distinguishes between to drag and draw, whence the derived words to draggle, trail, drawl; Swed. draga; the Danes have drage, but nearly obliterated except in the special sense to travel,—otherwise they have trække, formed from the mod. Germ. tragen]:—to draw, drag, carry, pull.A. ACT., with acc.I. to drag, carry, pull; hann dró þau öll út, Nj. 131; djöfla þá er yðr munu d. til eilífra kvala, 273; d. heim við, to drag the logs home, 53; d. sauði, to pick sheep out of a fold, Bs. i. 646, Eb. 106; d. skip fram, to launch a ship; d. upp, to draw her up, drag her ashore, Grág. ii. 433; dró Þorgils eptir sér fiskinn, Fs. 129; Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself, Eg. 221, 306; dró hann þá af grunninu, Fms. vii. 264; hann hafði dregit ( pulled) hött síðan yfir hjálm, Eg. 375, cp. Ad. 3; d. föt, skóklæði af e-m, to draw off clothes, shoes; þá var dregin af ( stripped off) hosa líkinu, Fms. viii. 265; dró hann hana á hönd ser, he pulled it on his hand, Eg. 378; d. hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand, 306; (hann) tók gullhring, ok dró ( pulled) á blóðrefilinn, id.: phrases, er við ramman reip at d., ’tis to pull a rope against the strong man, i. e. to cope with the mighty, Fms. ii. 107, Nj. 10,—the metaphor from a game; d. árar, to pull the oars, Fms. ii. 180, Grett. 125 A: absol. to pull, ok drógu skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them, Gullþ. 24, Krók. 52: metaph., um margar íþróttir dró hann fast eptir Ólafi, in many accomplishments he pressed hard upon Olave, Fms. iii. 17: d. boga, to draw the bow, x. 362, but more freq. benda ( bend) boga: d., or d. upp segl, to hoist the sails, Eg. 93, Fms. ix. 21, x. 349, Orkn. 260: d. fiska, or simply draga (Luke v. 7), to fish with a hook, to pull up fish with a line (hence fisk-dráttr, dráttr, fishing), Fms. iv. 89, Hým. 21, 23, Fs. 129, Landn. 36, Fas. ii. 31: d. drátt, Luke v. 4; d. net, to fish with a drag-net; also absol., draga á (on or in) á ( a river), to drag a river; hence the metaphor, d. langa nót at e-u, = Lat. longae ambages, Nj. 139: d. steina, to grind in a hand-mill, Sl. 58, Gs. 15: d. bust ór nefi e-m, vide bust: d. anda, to draw breath; d. öndina um barkann, id., (andar-dráttr, drawing breath); d. tönn, to draw a tooth.2. phrases mostly metaph.; d. seim, prop. to draw wire, metaph. to read or talk with a drawling tone; d. nasir af e-u, to smell a thing, Ísl. ii. 136; d. dám af e-u, to draw flavour from; draga dæmi af e-u, or d. e-t til dæmis, to draw an example from a thing, Stj. 13, cp. Nj. 65; d. þýðu eðr samræði til e-s, to draw towards, feel sympathy for, Sks. 358; d. grun á e-t, to suspect, Sturl.; d. spott, skaup, gys, etc. at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule, Bs. i. 647; d. á sik dul ok dramb, to assume the air of…, 655 xi. 3; d. á sik ofbeldi ok dramb, Fms. vii. 20; d. e-n á talar, to deceive one, metaphor from leading into a trap, 2 Cor. xii. 17; d. vél at e-m, to deceive one, draw a person into wiles, Nj. 280, Skv. i. 33; d. á vetr, to get one’s sheep and cattle through the winter; Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið hin firstu misseri, Hrafn. 22, cp. Germ. anbinden, and in mod. Icel. usage setja á vetr; d. nafn af e-m, to draw, derive the name from, Eb. 126 (App.) new Ed.; the phrase, (hann skyldi ekki) fleiri ár yfir höfuð d., more years should not pass over his head, he must die, Þórð.II. to draw a picture; kross let hann d. í enni á öllum hjálmum með bleiku, Fms. iv. 96; þá dró Tjörvi líkneski þeirra á kamarsvegg, Landn. 247; var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli, Ld. 78, Pr. 428; í þann tíma sem hann dregr ( draws) klæða-föllin (the folds), Mar. (Fr.): d. til stafs (mod.), to draw the letters, of children first trying to write; d. fjöðr yfir e-t, a metaph. phrase, to draw a pen over or through, to hide, cloak a thing: gramm. to mark a vowel with a stroke,—a long vowel opp. to a short one is thus called ‘dreginn;’ hljóðstafir hafa tvenna grein, at þeir sé styttir ( short) eða dregnir (drawn, marked with a stroke), ok er því betr dregit yfir þann staf er seint skal at kveða, e. g. ári Ari, ér er-, mínu minni, Skálda 171: to measure, in the phrases, draga kvarða við vaðmál, Grág. i. 497, 498; draga lérept, N. G. L. i. 323.III. to line clothes, etc.; treyja var dregin utan ok innan við rauðu silki, Flov. 19.IV. metaph. to delay; dró hann svá sitt mál, at…, Sturl. iii. 13; hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge, Hkr. ii. 157; Halldórr dró þá heldr fyrir þeim, H. then delayed the time, Ld. 322; vil ek ekki lengr d. þetta fyrir þér, 284; vil ek þessi svör eigi láta d. fyrir mér lengr, Eb. 130.V. with prepp. af, at, á, fram, frá, saman, sundr, etc., answering to the Lat. attrahere, abstrahere, protrahere, detrahere, distrahere, contrahere, etc.; d. at lið, to collect troops; d. saman her, id., Eg. 172, 269, Nj. 127; d. at föng, to collect stores, 208, 259: metaph., þá dró at honum sóttin, the sickness drew nearer to him, he grew worse, Grett. 119; d. af e-m, to take off, to disparage a person, Fms. vi. 287; d. af við e-n, ok mun héðan af ekki af dregit við oss, we shall not be neglected, stinted, Bjarn. 54: mathem. term, to subtract, Rb. 118: d. fram, to bring forward, promote; d. fram þræla, Fms. x. 421, ix. 254, Eg. 354; skil ek þat, at þat man mína kosti hér fram d. (it will be my greatest help here), at þú átt ekki vald á mér; d. fram kaupeyri, to make money, Fms. vi. 8; d. saman, to draw together, collect, join, Bs. ii. 18, Nj. 65, 76; d. sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin; d. e-t á, to intimate, (á-dráttr) drag eigi á þat, Sturl. iii. 110; d. undan, to escape; kómu segli við ok drógu undan, Fms. iv. 201; nú lægir segl þeirra ok d. þeir nú undan oss, v. 11: metaph. to delay, Uspakr dró þó undan allt til nætr, Nj. 272; hirðin sá þetta at svá mjök var undan dregit, Fms. ix. 251 (undan-dráttr, delay); hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín, Glúm. 326, Fms. ix. 251, Pass. 16. 13: mathem., d. rót undan, to extract a root, Alg. 366; d. upp, to draw a picture (upp-dráttr, a drawing), to pull up, Edda I; to pull out of the snow, Eg. 546; d. út, to extract, draw out, 655 xxxii. 2; d. undir sik, to draw under oneself, to embezzle, Eg. 61, Fms. vii. 128; d. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor, Jb. 403; d. upp segl, to hoist sail, vide above; ljós brann í stofunni ok var dregit upp, Sturl. i. 142; þar brann ljós ok var dregit upp, en myrkt hit neðra, ii. 230; ok er mönnum var í sæti skipat vóru log upp dregin í stofunni, iii. 182; herbergis sveinarnir drógu upp skriðljósin, Fas. iii. 530, cp. Gísl. 29, 113,—in the old halls the lamps (torches) were hoisted up and down, in order to make the light fainter or stronger; d. e-n til e-s, to draw one towards a thing; mikit dregr mik til þess, Fs. 9; engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, i. e. it is not by my own choice that I undertake this journey, Fms. ix. 352; slíkt dró hann til vinsældar, this furthered him in popularity, vii. 175, Sks. 443 B; mun hann slíkt til d., it will move, influence him, Nj. 210; ef hann drægi ekki til, if he was not concerned, 224.2. draga til is used absol. or ellipt., denoting the course of fate, and many of the following phrases are almost impers.; nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out worse, Nj. 175; búð, dragi til þess sem vera vill, Lat. fata evenient, 185; ef honum vill þetta til dauða d., if this draw to his death, prove fatal to him, 103, Grett. 114; þat samband þeirra er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will be fatal to both of them, Nj. 135; enda varð þat fram at koma sem til dró, Ísl. ii. 263; sagði Kveldúlfr at þá ( then) mundi þar til draga sem honum hafði fyrir boðat, Eg. 75; dró til vanda með þeim Rúti ok Unni, it was the old story over again, Nj. 12; dró til vanda um tal þeirra, 129; at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that mickle mischief would arise from this bargain, 30; dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began over again, Fms. x. 161; ok er úvíst til hvers um dregr, Fs. 6; svá er þat, segir Runólfr, ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforeseen things happen, Nj. 75; hón kvað eigi úlíkligt at til mikils drægi um, Ísl. ii. 19; þá dró nú til hvárttveggja. Bret.; hence til-drög. n. pl. cause.B. IMPERS.1. of clouds, shade, darkness, to be drawn before a thing as a veil; dimmu (acc.) þykir á draga ráðit Odds, it looked as if gloom were drawing over Odd’s affairs, Band. 10; ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar (acc.), it began to draw into showers, i. e. clouds began to gather, Fms. iii. 206: often ellipt., hratt stundum fyrir en stundum dró frá, [ clouds] drew sometimes over, sometimes off, of the moon wading through them, Grett. 114; dregr fyrir sól, [ a veil] draws over the sun, he is hid in clouds; ský vónarleysu döpur drjúgum dró fyrir mína gleði-sól, Bb. 2. 9; dregr á gleði biskups, [ clouds] drew over the bishop’s gladness, it was eclipsed, Bs. ii. 79; eclipsis heitir er fyrir dregr sól eðr tungl, it is called an eclipse when [ a veil] draws over the sun or moon, 1812. 4; tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir, the moonshine was clear, and in turn [ a veil] drew over it, Nj. 118; þá sá lítið af tungli ljóst ok dró ymist til eðr frá, Ísl. ii. 463; þat gerðisk, at á dregr tunglit, ok verðr eclipsis, Al. 54.2. in various connections; dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you were drawn into a thrashing (i. e. got one), but we escaped, Nj. 141; hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape, Fms. ix. 392: absol., a noun or personal pronoun in acc. being understood, lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little power of drawing out of thy reach, i. e. thy blow did its work right well. Nj. 199, 155; hvárki dró sundr né saman með þeim, of two running a dead heat: metaph. phrases, mun annarsstaðar meira slóða (acc.) draga, there will be elsewhere a greater trial left, i. e. the consequences will be still worse elsewhere, 54; saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together, of a loving pair, Bárð. 271; saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain, literally the bargain was drawn tight, Nj. 49; hann hreinsar þat skjótt þóat nokkut im (acc.) hafi á oss dregit af samneyti ( although we have been a little infected by the contact with) annarlegs siðferðis, Fms. ii. 261; allt slafr (acc.) dró af Hafri, i. e. H. became quite mute, Grett. (in a verse): in a temp. sense, til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew nigh, Fms. x. 138; þá er dró at miðri nótt, Grett. 140; þá er dregr at Jólum, Yule drew nigh, Fbr. 138; dregr at hjaldri, the battle-hour draws nigh, Fms. vi. (in a verse); dró at því (the time drew nigh), at hann var banvænn, Eg. 126: of sickness, hunger, or the like, to sink, be overcome by, svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd ok þorsta, at…, Fms. iii. 96; nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, thou art sinking fast, Fas. ii. 221; ok er lokið var kvæðinu dregr at Oddi fast, O. was sinking fast, 321: of other things, tók þá at d. fast at heyjum hans, his stock was very low, Fms. iii. 208; þoku dregr upp, a fog draws on, rises, 97 (in a verse), but ok taki sú poka (nom.) fyrir at d. norðrljósit, Sks. an (better þá þoku, acc.)C. REFLEX, to draw oneself, move; ef menn dragask til föruneytis þeirra ( join them) úbeðit, Grág. ii. 270; Sigvaldi dregsk út frá flotanum, S. draws away from the fleet, Fms. xi. 140; ofmjök dragask lendir menn fram, i. e. the barons drew far too forward, vii. 22; hyski drósk á flótta, they drew away to flight, Fms. vi. (in a verse); skeiðr drógusk at vígi, the ships drew on to battle, iii. 4 (in a verse); dragask undir = draga undir sik, to take a thing to oneself, Grág. ii. 150; dragask á hendr e-m, drógusk opt þeir menn á hendr honum er úskilamenn voru, Sturl. i. 136; dragask e-n á hendr, hann kvað þess enga ván, at hann drægisk þá á hendr, ii. 120; dragask aptr á leið, to remain behind, Rb. 108; dragask út, to recede, of the tide, 438; dragask saman, to draw back, draw together, be collected, Fms. i. 25, Bs. i. 134; e-m dragask penningar, Fms. vi. 9; d. undan, to be delayed, x. 251; the phrase, herr, lið dregsk e-m, the troops draw together, of a levy, i. 94, vii. 176, Eg. 277; dragask á legg, to grow up, Hkr. iii. 108; sem aldr hans ok vitsmunir drógusk fram, increased, Fms. vi. 7; þegar honum drósk aldr, when he grew up, Fs. 9; dragask á legg, to grow into a man; dragask við e-t, to become discouraged, Fms. viii. 65; d. vel, illa, to do well, ill, Fs. 146: to be worn out, exhausted, drósk þá liðit mjök af kulda, Sturl. iii. 20; drósk hestr hans, ii. 75: part. dreginn, drawn, pinched, starved, hestar mjök dregnir, Fms. ix. 276; görðisk fénaðr dreginn mjök, drawn, thin, iii. 208; stóð þar í heykleggi einn ok dregit at öllu megin, a tapering hayrick, Háv. 53: of sickness, Herra Andrés lagðisk sjúkr, ok er hann var dreginn mjök, Fms. ix. 276.β. recipr., þau drógusk um einn gullhring, they fought, pulled. Fas. iii. 387. From the reflex. probably originates, by dropping the reflex. suffix, the mod. Swed. and Dan. at draga = to go, esp. of troops or a body of men; in old writers the active form hardly ever occurs in this sense (the reading drógu in the verse Fms. iii. 4 is no doubt false); and in mod. usage it is equally unknown in Icel., except maybe in allit. phrases as, e. g. út á djúpið hann Oddr dró, Snot 229 new Ed.; to Icel. ears draga in this sense sounds strange; even the reflex. form is seldom used in a dignified sense; vide the references above. -
20 gni|ć
impf (gniję) vi 1. (rozkładać się) to decay; [żywność, zwłoki] to rot, to decompose- rośliny zaczęły gnić the plants began to rot- gnicie systemu korzeniowego the decay of the root system- gnijące ciało padłego zwierzęcia a decomposing animal body- gnijąca rana a festering wound ⇒ zgnić2. przen. to rot przen.- gnić w więzieniu to rot in prisonThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > gni|ć
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